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小(xiao)鋒 2023-06-12 09:45:47 

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class MyClass<T extends Number> {
    // ...
}

class MyClass<T super Comparable> {
    // ...
}

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• 匿名用(yong)戶  2023-06-12 09:45:47

  　　Java泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)約束(shu)是指(zhi)使(shi)用泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)時，對(dui)泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)約束(shu)和(he)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)。常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)約束(shu)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾種：1. 類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通配(pei)(pei)符：類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通配(pei)(pei)符是指(zhi)使(shi)用通配(pei)(pei)符“?”來表示(shi)(shi)不確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)參數。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)用類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通配(pei)(pei)符，我們(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)在某個(ge)范圍(wei)內。例如(ru)，我們(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)聲明一(yi)個(ge)List對(dui)象，表示(shi)(shi)該List中的(de)(de)(de)(de)元素是Number或Number的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，但不包(bao)括其他類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 2. 類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)邊界(jie)：類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)邊界(jie)是指(zhi)使(shi)用extends或super關鍵字對(dui)泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)行約束(shu)。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)用類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)邊界(jie)，我們(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)，使(shi)得(de)其只(zhi)能是某個(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)或其子(zi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，或只(zhi)能是某個(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)父類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。例如(ru)，我們(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)聲明一(yi)個(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，表示(shi)(shi)T可(ke)(ke)以(yi)是Number或Number的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，但不能是其他類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。3. 泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法(fa)：泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法(fa)是指(zhi)在方(fang)法(fa)中使(shi)用泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)用泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法(fa)，我們(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根據調用時傳遞的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，自(zi)動推斷出方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)返(fan)回值(zhi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。例如(ru)，我們(men)(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)聲明一(yi)個(ge)>類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泛(fan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法(fa)，表示(shi)(shi)T必(bi)須實(shi)現Comparable接口，并且T的(de)(de)(de)(de)比較器是T本身。

• 匿(ni)名用戶  2023-06-12 09:45:47 

  　　在(zai)(zai) Java 中，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)(Generic Constraints)來限制(zhi)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)參(can)數的(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)范圍(wei)(wei)。這樣可(ke)(ke)以(yi)確保在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)，傳入的(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)符合特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)條件。以(yi)下(xia)(xia)是幾種常見的(de)(de)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)方式：1. 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong) extends 關鍵(jian)字(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行上界(jie)(jie)約(yue)束(shu)(shu);2. 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong) super 關鍵(jian)字(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行下(xia)(xia)界(jie)(jie)約(yue)束(shu)(shu);3. 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)接口(kou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)約(yue)束(shu)(shu);需要注意的(de)(de)是，Java 中的(de)(de)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)僅在(zai)(zai)編譯(yi)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)檢查，而在(zai)(zai)運(yun)行時(shi)會被擦除。也就是說，在(zai)(zai)運(yun)行時(shi)無法獲取(qu)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)參(can)數的(de)(de)具體(ti)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)信息。通(tong)過使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提高代(dai)(dai)碼的(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)安全性(xing)，限制(zhi)泛型(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)參(can)數的(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)，從而更好(hao)地(di)控制(zhi)和管(guan)理(li)代(dai)(dai)碼的(de)(de)邏(luo)輯(ji)。

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